Air-Gap Data Leak via RAM Radio Signals

Researchers describe an attack called RAMBO that exploits air-gapped systems by using malware to generate radio signals from computer RAM. These signals encode sensitive data such as files, encryption keys, and biometric information. Attackers can intercept the signals using software-defined radio hardware and an antenna, then decode them into binary data. The method achieves data transfer rates of 1000 bits per second. The paper outlines implementation details, evaluates performance, and proposes countermeasures to address this out-of-band communication vulnerability.